Design and Analysis of Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS) for 5G and Beyond

This paper presents a novel multi-bit dualpolarization frequency-reconfigurable intelligent surface optimized for sub-6 GHz applications. For the TE mode, phase variation is observed from 1.75 GHz to 2.1 GHz, with the maximum number of phases realized at 1.9 GHz for specific capacitance values. For the TM mode, phase variation occurs between 3.5 GHz and 4 GHz, with the highest number of phase variations achieved at 3.8 GHz. The proposed surface addresses the challenges of next-generation wireless networks by providing enhanced control over reflection phase and amplitude states.