Fault Estimation with Practical Convergence, for Conformable Fractional Systems, Under a Disturbed Lipschitz Condition

This paper investigates an adaptive observer, with a practical convergence, for a generalized class of nonlinear Lipschitz conformable fractional-order systems, enabling simultaneous state and sensor fault reconstruction. While integer-order systems have been extensively studied, the development of observers for fractional-order systems, particularly those employing conformable derivatives, remains a relatively unexplored area. The proposed observer addresses this gap by handling a broader class of nonlinear systems characterized by a modified Lipschitz condition. A numerical example validates the effectiveness of the proposed approach.