An Adaptive and Scalable Wireless Charging System for Electric Vehicles With Enhanced Interoperability and Misalignment Tolerance

Wireless charging technology for electric vehicles (EVs) encounters critical technical challenges, particularly in terms of misalignment tolerance and interoperability. To address these issues, this paper proposes a wireless charging system based on multi-phase parallel-connected receiving coils. Benefiting from the diode clamping effect, the system adaptively switches active coils to ensure both interoperability and misalignment tolerance. Moreover, system performance in these areas is further optimized by the tailored design of the magnetic coupler. A mathematical model of the system is developed to verify the proposed approach, and a 1.4 kW experimental prototype with a three-phase parallel receiving coil configuration is constructed for validation. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach achieves interoperability between unipolar and double-D coil through automatic coil switching. Additionally, the system maintains high efficiency over a broad range of misalignments, with a peak efficiency reaching 93.53%.