Applying disease risk analysis for conservation translocations in Argentina: A case study on marsh deer (Blastocerus dichotomus)

Disease risk management is essential for conservation translocations to prevent inadvertent pathogen introduction affecting human, animal and ecosystem health. Wildlife Disease Risk Analysis (DRA) is a recognized framework for addressing health hazards in translocations. However, DRA is not mandatory nor voluntarily applied in Argentina, despite increasing wildlife translocations. To test and adapt DRA to the local context, we performed a simplified DRA for the hypothetical translocation of marsh deer (Blastocerus dichotomus) between two protected areas, Iberá and El Impenetrable National Parks. A multidisciplinary team applied the main phases of DRA, problem description, hazard identification, risk assessment and mitigation, to this scenario. Out of 61 potential hazards identified, including pathogens and management issues, 14 priority hazards were highlighted using a paired risk prioritization tool. Of these, 66% have zoonotic potential. Presence of Ehrlichia chaffeensis at the source (Iberá) but not the destination park signalled unacceptable risk under a One Health perspective. All other hazards, including pathogens, stress and seasonal factors, were considered manageable through strategic planning and mitigation actions. This study represents the first application of DRA to conservation translocations in Argentina, in a context of data and resource limitations. Strengthening baseline information and stakeholder engagement would enhance its utility. DRA findings should inform broader ecological evaluations to assess feasibility and relevance of translocations. We advocate for the integration of DRA into conservation planning in Argentina and South America, even under suboptimal conditions.