Chemo-Protective Effects of Anacardium Occidentale Nutshell Hexane Extract on Catalase and Tyrosinase Activities in UV-Exposed Skin in Wistar Rats

Anacardium occidentale (cashew) nutshell hexane liquid (CNSHL) has been traditionally used in parts of Africa, South America, and Asia for the treatment of various skin conditions, including wounds, dermatitis, and cancerous ulcers. Chronic exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation is known to induce skin damage, oxidative stress, and may promote carcinogenesis. This study aimed to evaluate the potential protective effect of CNSHL on biochemical parameters associated with oxidative stress in Wistar rats exposed to UV radiation. Thirty (30) male Wistar rats weighing between 160–200g were randomly assigned into six groups (n = 5). Group A (negative control) was not exposed to UV radiation. Group B (positive control) was exposed to UV light but received no treatment. Group C was exposed to UV light and treated topically with CNSHL. Group D was exposed to UV light and treated with a standard drug. Group E and F were not exposed to UV light but treated with Hexane extract and standard drug respectively. Catalase and tyrosinase activities in serum were analyzed as markers of oxidative stress and melanogenesis. The results showed that Group C (CNSHL-treated) exhibited significant improvements in catalase activity and favorable modulation of tyrosinase levels compared to the untreated group. The biochemical effects were comparable to those observed in the standard drug-treated group, suggesting that CNSHL possesses potential chemo preventive properties against early-stage UV-induced skin damage. These findings not only validate the traditional use of cashew nutshell extracts but also establish their promise as a potent, affordable, and natural topical agent for the prevention and management of UV-induced skin damage, with potential for development into a standardized dermatological formulation.