Localizing visions of desirable futures: applying the Nature Futures Framework to the Baroro Watershed in the Philippines

Abstract The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) emphasizes the need for innovative approaches to foster harmonious coexistence with nature, particularly in managing critical resources such as watersheds. This study applies the Nature Futures Framework (NFF) to integrate diverse value perspectives on nature into sustainable watershed management, addressing a gap in traditional approaches that often overlook stakeholder plurality. Using a three-step approach—combining literature reviews, key informant interviews, and workshops with experts and local stakeholders—we applied the NFF in the Baroro Watershed (Philippines) to assess current pressures, envision desirable futures, and identify strategies for transitioning toward them. Our results highlight socio-economic, institutional, and demographic changes as major indirect drivers contributing to direct pressures such as climate change, land use changes, and pollution, leading to significant challenges in managing the Baroro Watershed. We present three visions of desirable futures, each reflecting different value perspectives on nature: Sustainable Forest Protection and Restoration (nature for nature), Sustainable Farming Practices and Judicious Growth (nature for society), and Traditional Ecological Knowledge and Practices (nature as culture/one with nature). We then analyze the current opportunities and enablers for achieving these desired watershed futures, addressing relevant drivers of change. The study illustrates the complex connections between drivers of change and their implications for desirable futures. By serving as a guiding lens that integrates ecological, societal, and cultural dimensions, the NFF enabled the assessment of synergies and trade-offs across different visions and pathways, presented in the Discussion. Our findings provide insights into improving governance structures, enhancing policy alignment, and fostering inclusive decision-making processes. We conclude with recommendations for integrating spatial data and maintaining ongoing stakeholder engagement to refine these strategies and assess their impact over time. These insights enhance localized resource management and contribute to global CBD efforts toward harmonious coexistence with nature.