EFFICIENCY AND SAFETY OF EXOSOMES TREATMENT IN SARS-COV-2 CAUSED INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a severe acute respiratory disease caused by the pathogen severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). There is an urgent need for reliable therapy to combat the clinical complications caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Exosomes are vesicles that play a role in intercellular communication. Exosomes are paracrine and endocrine mediators that contain chemokines, growth factors, mRNAs and microRNAs with anti-inflammatory, regenerative and immunomodulatory functions. Exosomes may be a pleiotropic therapeutic agent in the fight against SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this work, we analyzed current studies, including clinical trials those investigate exosomes COVID-19 intervention. The most studies aim is to test the safety and efficacy of drugs. Exosomes obtained from different sources have many common characteristics, but they can also differ in functionality. The majority of trials have focused on the study of exosomes derived from MSCs, the sources of which are placenta, umbilical cord, amniotic fluid, adipose tissue and bone marrow. In addition, exosomes can be used as carriers of CD24-enriched drugs, and can be obtained from other sources, such as virus-specific T cells. The non-targeted exosomes delivery method to the human body may be the reason for the low efficiency of exosomes application. Nebulized delivery of exosomes may be new targeted delivery method instead of intravenous administration. Although the data are still insufficient for the widespread use of exosomes treatment of coronavirus disease, it is already possible to determine the current state of art, production, delivery methods and the main groups of researchers and companies working on this topic.