Comparative Analysis of Recombination Events in Common Wheat Lines Produced with the Involvement of Hexaploid Triticum Species with Different Genome Composition

Species of the genus Triticum and synthetic wheats produced with their involvement present a source of new genes for the improvement of cultivated T. aestivum varieties. In the present study, the substitution and translocation patterns in the hybrid lines derived from crosses between common wheat varieties and Triticum spelta and T. kiharae were studied. It was demonstrated that in the B-genome chromosomes (especially in chromosomes 4B and 7B), spelt fragments, as a rule, were longer in length than the fragments of synthetic wheat T. kiharae. In the lines produced with the involvement of synthetic wheat, recombination events more often occurred between the A and At genomes compared to the B and G genomes of T. aestivum and T. kiharae, respectively, which pointed to closer relationships between the A/At homoeologous chromosomes. The obtained data showed that the introgressed regions in the D genome in all the studied lines were usually shorter in length than those in the A and B genomes. The lines developed with the involvement of spelt were characterized by high meiotic index (95.83–97.27%), which was associated with close relationships between T. spelta and T. aestivum. The lines derived from synthetic wheat had lower amounts of normal tetrads (77.0–93.0%), which was determined not only by the reduced chromosome homology between the genomes of the original forms, but also by the reduced cytological stability of T. kiharae compared to other parental genotypes. In the introgression lines, no considerable gametogenesis impairment was found, and the meiotic index for most of the genotypes was high (more than 90%). The studied lines are of interest for the selection of promising material characterized by agronomically important traits.