Modern protocols used in online card payments

Recently, we have seen a dramatic increase in online payments for goods and services using bank cards or digital wallets, which is a clear indication that the near future is reserved for these types of payments. In the Eurozone alone, the total value of non-cash payments in mid2022 amounted to 65.9 billion euros, of which 35.8 billion were card payments. However, the benefits of online payments do not come without risks and dangers, with the huge volumes of transactions acting as a magnet for cyber fraud. This study examines the benefits and limitations of the main protocols currently used for online card payment processing, providing detailed information on them and on alternatives tailored to the new threats that are emerging.