Optimization of fiber parameters for the mechanical strength of bamboo Fiber/Epoxy composites using central composite design

• Optimize the mechanical strength of bamboo fiber/epoxy composites through simultaneous parameter optimization. • The mechanical behavior of several composites was investigated under optimal conditions. • RSM models are good predictors of bamboo fiber epoxy composite characteristics for primer components. The objective of this paper is to optimize the mechanical properties of bamboo fiber/epoxy composites of the experiment using (DOE method). Epoxy resin offers several benefits, including ease of processing, minimal shrinkage during curing, and excellent adhesion to various fibers. However, its mechanical properties can still be further enhanced to broaden its application potential. This study explores the reinforcement of epoxy resin with bamboo fiber (BF), presenting an innovative approach to developing lightweight, high-strength composites using natural fibers and polymers. Using response surface methodology (RSM) with central composite design (CCD), the study determined optimal fiber parameters for producing epoxy-based bamboo fiber composites. The mechanical properties, including tensile, flexural, and impact strength, were analyzed based on fiber particle loading (9–18 wt.%) and particle size (0.25–1.5 µm). The RSM results indicate that the highest tensile strength, 41.28 MPa, was achieved at 13.5 wt.% loading and 0.875 µm particle size. The maximum flexural strength of 95.35 MPa occurred at 13.6 wt.% loading and 1.425 µm particle size. Additionally, the greatest impact strength, 5389.12 Joules, was attained with 18 wt.% loading and 1.5 µm particle size. Based on the analysis of the 2 factors interaction model terms, the particle size, weight content, and variables are significant. The R 2 = 0.9862; R 2 Adj = 0.9776; predicted R 2 = 0.8936; Adeq Precision = 29.1519. Hence, the RSM models are confirmed to be good predictors of bamboo fiber epoxy composite characteristics for primer components.