Ecological Characteristics of Habitats and the State of Cenopopulations of Dianthus superbus L. (Caryophyllaceae Juss.)

An ecological assessment of the habitats of Dianthus superbus according to the scales of D.N. Tsyganov is given. The ecological valences (potential and realized) and bionality of the species are calculated. According to climatic factors, D. superbus is a mesobiont, and according to the illumination–shading factor, it is a eurybiont. For all soil factors, D. superbus is a hemisteno- and stenovalent species and belongs to the stenobiont group; therefore, all soil factors are limiting for D. superbus, which limits its wide distribution. The biomorphological features of D. superbus individuals have been studied. The ontogenetic structure of D. superbus cenopopulations (CPs) was processed using the new ExOS package (Excel Ontogenetic Spectrum). All D. superbus CPs are normal, incomplete, and young according to the delta–omega classification. The ontogenetic spectra are left-handed due to the intensive self-maintenance of the CP in both seminal and vegetative ways.