Financial challenges of business relocation

The article presents the results of a study on the financial ecosystem of business relocation triggered by the military aggression against Ukraine. In the current context, business relocation is viewed as one of the key instruments for preserving economic activity and production capacity. However, the process is accompanied by substantial financial challenges. The main categories of expenditures associated with enterprise relocation have been identified, including logistics, infrastructure, personnel, consulting, and operational costs. Financial risks related to asset losses, currency fluctuations, limited access to credit resources, and regulatory uncertainty are also highlighted. Special attention is given to the analysis of funding sources for business relocation: government support programs, international grant initiatives, institutional investors, and private funds. The article examines the implementation experience of key programs at the international and municipal levels aimed at supporting relocated businesses, developing small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), modernizing production, and ensuring food security. The study proposes a systematization of financial support areas for business relocation, encompassing the financing of logistics, infrastructure development, support for innovation, employment of internally displaced persons (IDPs), and the agricultural sector. A structural model of interaction between donors, financial institutions, and recipients of support is generalized. It is argued that support for IDPs is not only a social necessity but also an economic prerequisite for the successful relocation of businesses. The research findings have practical relevance for public authorities, international partners, and business stakeholders. The conclusions can be used to develop effective financial mechanisms for relocated businesses, integrate support programs into economic recovery strategies, and build a resilient development model for Ukraine’s national economy during and after the war.