Recent Advances on Primary Liver Cancer with Portal Vein Tumor Thrombus

门静脉癌栓(portal vein tumor thrombosis, PVTT)，是原发性肝癌(primary liver cancer, PLC)发展至中晚期的一个重要临床表现，不仅对肝细胞的临床治疗构成挑战，也是影响预后的关键因素。近年来，随着对PVTT发病机制的深入了解，及免疫治疗药物、肝动脉灌注化疗(hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy, HAIC)、载药微球TACE (TACE with drug-eluting beads, DEB-TACE)等新型治疗方式的出现，给肝细胞癌合并门静脉癌栓的诊断方式和治疗策略带来了新的理解。这些治疗手段的更新显著提高了治疗效果，并改善了预后情况。Portal vein tumor thrombosis (PVTT), an important clinical manifestation of primary liver cancer (PLC) in the middle and late stages of development, not only poses a challenge to the clinical treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma, but also is a key factor affecting the prognosis. In recent years, with the in-depth understanding of the pathogenesis of PVTT and the emergence of new therapeutic modalities such as immunotherapeutic drugs, hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) and TACE with drug-eluting beads (DEB-TACE), have reshaped diagnostic approaches and therapeutic strategies for HCC complicated by PVTT. These newer therapeutic modalities have significantly improved the therapeutic efficacy and prognosis.