Research Progress on the Effectiveness and Safety of Lacosamide in the Treatment of Pediatric Epilepsy

本文综述了拉考沙胺(Lacosamide, LCM)在儿童癫痫治疗中的临床应用、疗效及安全性。LCM作为第三代抗癫痫药物，通过选择性增强电压门控钠通道的慢失活机制，展现出良好的抗癫痫效果。研究表明，LCM不仅在儿童局灶性癫痫、全面性癫痫发作中疗效显著，还在难治性癫痫、癫痫持续状态、特定癫痫综合征等特殊类型癫痫中也获得良好的治疗效果。LCM通常耐受性良好，常见不良反应为轻度至中度的嗜睡、头晕、恶心等。此外，LCM治疗并未显著导致认知负面变化，甚至可能改善执行功能和记忆能力。未来的研究应关注LCM的长期疗效、对认知功能的影响以及个体化治疗方案的优化，以期为儿童癫痫患者提供更安全有效的治疗选择。This review examines the clinical applications, therapeutic efficacy, and safety profile of lacosamide (LCM) in the treatment of pediatric epilepsy. As a third-generation antiepileptic drug, LCM demonstrates favorable antiepileptic efficacy through its selective enhancement of the slow inactivation mechanism of voltage-gated sodium channels. Studies indicate that LCM exhibits significant therapeutic benefits not only in pediatric focal epilepsy and generalized seizures, but also achieves positive outcomes in special epilepsy subtypes including drug-resistant epilepsy, status epilepticus, and specific epilepsy syndromes. LCM is generally well-tolerated, with common adverse reactions being mild to moderate somnolence, dizziness, and nausea. Notably, LCM treatment does not significantly induce cognitive impairment and may potentially improve executive function and memory performance. Future research should focus on elucidating LCM’s long-term efficacy, its impact on cognitive profiles, and the optimization of individualized treatment regimens, thereby advancing safer and more effective therapeutic strategies for children with epilepsy.