Clinical Advances in the Treatment of Pancreatic Pseudocysts in Different Modalities

急性胰腺炎作为临床诊疗中一种常见的疾病，近年来其发病率总体呈上升趋势，对患者的身心健康及日常生活产生了诸多消极的影响。急性胰腺炎患者除去其典型的症状及体征，可在治疗过程中继发多种并发症。其中胰腺假性囊肿被认为是急性胰腺炎后期或慢性胰腺炎中众多常见的并发症之一。因部分较小的胰腺假性囊肿经过保守治疗后可自行吸收，学术界将其定义为一种自限性疾病。然而，当胰腺假性囊肿持续增大甚至出现胃肠道压迫及其他严重并发症时，需要采取不同的介入治疗方法来减轻症状，最终达到治愈。在多种介入治疗方法中，经皮穿刺置管引流(外引流)以其操作简单易行，在符合条件的患者群体中有一定的应用价值。但随着近年来内镜及超声内镜技术的不断发展和完善，内镜下经胃肠道壁穿刺置管引流术、内镜下经十二指肠乳头穿刺囊肿置管引流术、超声胃镜引导下经胃肠道壁穿刺置管引流术等新型介入方法因其具有引流部位的确定精确可靠、临床效果显著、并发症少等优点而越来越多地被应用于临床诊疗，并获得了临床医生及患者的肯定。当上述介入操作方法效果不佳时，外科手术也不失为一项有效的手段。As a common disease in clinical diagnosis and treatment, the incidence rate of acute pancreatitis is on the rise in recent years, which has a lot of negative effects on the physical and mental health and daily life of patients. Patients with acute pancreatitis may develop multiple complications during the treatment process, apart from their typical symptoms and signs. Among them, pancreatic pseudocyst is considered one of the many common complications in the late stage of acute pancreatitis or chronic pancreatitis. Due to the fact that a small number of pancreatic pseudocysts can self absorb after conservative treatment, the academic community defines it as a self limiting disease. However, when pancreatic pseudocysts continue to grow and even experience gastrointestinal compression and other serious complications, different interventional treatment methods are needed to alleviate symptoms and ultimately achieve cure. Among various interventional treatment methods, percutaneous puncture catheter drainage (external drainage) has certain application value in eligible patient populations due to its simple and feasible operation. However, with the continuous development and improvement of endoscopic and endoscopic ultrasound technology in recent years, new intervention methods such as endoscopic gastrointestinal wall puncture drainage, endoscopic duodenal papilla puncture cyst puncture drainage, and ultrasound-guided gastrointestinal wall puncture drainage have been increasingly applied in clinical diagnosis and treatment due to their advantages of accurate and reliable determination of drainage sites, significant clinical effects, and fewer complications, and have been recognized by clinical doctors and patients. When the above intervention methods are ineffective, surgical intervention can also be an effective means.