Research Progress on 8-Hydroxy-2’-Deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) as a Biomarker of DNA Oxidative Damage

8-羟基脱氧鸟苷(8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine, 8-OHdG)作为DNA氧化损伤的核心生物标志物，通过碱基切除修复机制排泄至尿液，为无创评估氧化应激提供关键窗口。在众多检测技术中均存在优缺点，HPLC-ECD和UPLC-MS/MS灵敏度高但成本昂贵，ELISA则因操作简便成为临床首选。有研究表明，8-OHdG水平与心血管疾病、呼吸系统疾病、糖尿病、恶性肿瘤及中枢神经系统疾病等疾病均存在一定的相关性，其动态变化还可反映治疗效果。作为氧化应激敏感指标，8-OHdG可为疾病早期预警、疗效监测提供新思路，故本文通过对既往研究进行总结，分析8-OHdG在各疾病中的应用，为进一步研究、疾病治疗等方面提供探索思路。8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), a core biomarker of DNA oxidative damage, is excreted into urine via the base excision repair (BER) mechanism, offering a key window for non-invasive assessment of oxidative stress. Among various detection techniques, each presents distinct advantages and limitations: HPLC-ECD and UPLC-MS/MS exhibit high sensitivity but are cost-prohibitive, while ELISA has become the clinical preferred choice due to its operational simplicity. Studies have shown that 8-OHdG levels correlate with multiple diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, respiratory disorders, diabetes mellitus, malignant tumors, and central nervous system disorders. Furthermore, its dynamic changes may reflect therapeutic efficacy. As a sensitive oxidative stress indicator, 8-OHdG holds potential for early disease warning and treatment monitoring. This review synthesizes prior research to analyze the applications of 8-OHdG across diseases, aiming to provide exploratory insights for further research and therapeutic advancements.