Standardized measurement of surface dry particle thickness for walkway slip resistance

Slip and fall incidents remain a critical safety concern in residential and occupational settings. While considerable research has focused on wet contamination, the role of dry contaminants in reducing floor friction has been less explored. This study establishes a standardized methodology for measuring dry particle thickness and investigates the effects of recombing dry contaminants on the coefficient of friction (COF). Using a modified tribometer and custom 3D-printed combs (127, 254, and 508 μm depths), iodized salt was applied to a high-gloss tile, and COF was measured under recombed and non-recombed conditions. Results indicated that recombing significantly lowered COF, whereas non-recombed conditions did not differ from the uncontaminated tile, highlighting the necessity of recombing to accurately assess slip resistance. This study presents a cost-effective approach to slip-resistance testing, with implications for forensic investigations, industry safety standards, and workplace hazard assessments.