Risk Factors of Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Complicated with Respiratory Failure

慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)是一种具有异质性的慢性疾病。随着全球人口老龄化的持续加剧，COPD的发病率显著增加，现已成为全球第四大死亡原因，对公共卫生和社会经济造成了巨大负担。慢阻肺患者在疾病急性加重阶段常伴发呼吸衰竭，这不仅直接导致患者高死亡率，还与其远期预后密切相关。因此，明确影响呼吸衰竭的危险因素并针对性地进行治疗与预防，对于降低患者死亡率及改善长期生存率具有重要意义。本研究对相关文献进行了系统地检索和分析，总结了慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期发生呼吸衰竭的相关危险因素。为临床实践中促进早期识别疾病高危患者、实施个体化干预措施及优化治疗策略提供支持。Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a heterogeneous chronic disease. With the continuous increase in global population aging, the incidence of COPD has significantly risen, making it now the fourth leading cause of death worldwide. It has imposed a substantial burden on public health and the socioeconomy. During the acute exacerbation phase of COPD, patients often suffer from respiratory failure, which not only directly leads to a high mortality rate but is also closely related to their long-term prognosis. Therefore, identifying the risk factors for respiratory failure and providing targeted treatment and prevention are of great significance for reducing mortality and improving long-term survival rates. This study systematically retrieved and analyzed relevant literature, summarizing the risk factors associated with respiratory failure during the acute exacerbation phase of COPD. It provides support for the early identification of high-risk patients in clinical practice, the implementation of individualized intervention measures, and the optimization of treatment strategies.