Circadian rhythmicity and reinforcement processing: a dataset of MRI, fMRI, and behavioral measurements

Circadian rhythmicity is a complex phenomenon that influences human behavior, emotionality and brain activity. A detailed description of individual differences in circadian rhythmicity could inform the design of educational systems, shift-worker schedules, and daily routines. Here we present a comprehensive dataset for studying diurnal rhythms and their relationship with human behavior. Thirty seven male participants (aged 20-30) filled in validated psychometric questionnaires assessing characteristics of the circadian rhythm, sleep quality, emotionality, personality traits, reward-punishment processing and attention deficits. Moreover, we acquired high-resolution anatomical T1-weighted images using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), B0 fieldmaps for distortion corrections, and functional MRI (fMRI) during the Monetary Incentive Delay (MID) task, which is a common paradigm to assess human neural reinforcement processing. All files are organized in Brain Imaging Data Structure (BIDS) and openly available on OpenNeuro.org. Validation confirmed the high quality of the described dataset. The various psychological measures combined with neuroimaging data provide a strong foundation for exploring emotionality, affective processing, and attention in the context of brain activity and circadian influences.