An End-To-End Solution Towards Authenticated Positioning Utilizing Open-Source FGI-GSRx and FGI-OSNMA

This paper presents an end-to-end solution towards authenticated positioning using only Galileo E1B signal by utilizing the Open Service Navigation Message Authentication (OSNMA). One of the primary objectives of this work is to offer a complete OSNMA-based authenticated position solution by releasing FGI-GSRx-v2.1.0 (an open-source software-defined multi-constellation GNSS receiver) update. The idea is to bridge the gap between two open-source implementations by the Finnish Geospatial Research Institute (FGI): FGI-GSRx and FGI-OSNMA (an open-source Python software package). FGI-GSRx-v2.1.0 utilizes FGI-OSNMA as an OSNMA computation engine to generate the authentication events with the information of whether a tag is valid or not. FGI-GSRx computes the position authentication at the navigation layer with the Galileo E1B satellites that are OSNMA verified and have C/N0 greater than 30 dB-Hz. OSNMA-based position authentication is shown through the findings from two real-world open sky use cases: (i) a clean nominal scenario and (ii) a spoofing scenario recorded during the Jammertest 2023 in Andøya, Norway. In the case of the spoofing scenario, the software receiver stops offering an authenticated position solution. A detailed comparison between the authenticated and non-authenticated position solutions also highlights the damage spoofing could cause to the end user in deviating the user’s position on a target spoofed location.