An Overview of Antibiotic Resistance: A Silent Threat for Global Public Health

The discovery of antibiotics is considered as milestone for Infectious disease improvement, but simultaneously developing resistance surpasses the benefit, resistance develops due to the overuse or misuse of antibiotics irrationally, it causes a decreased quality of life for patients, with a longer hospital stay, more expensive treatments, and furthermore resistance of last resort antibiotics. It is like arriving at the pre-antibiotic era again. The microorganisms that have developed resistance to available therapeutic agents are threatening to public health worldwide. ESKAPE (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp.) pathogens display multidrug resistance and virulence through various mechanisms and it is time to discover or design new antibiotics against ESKAPE pathogens, by knowing the mechanism one can decide the appropriate antibiotics to treat infection especially in combination strategy. In this review article, we focused more on mechanisms, which will help in deciding the appropriate therapy.