Highly Wear-Resistant Triboelectric Nanogenerators Based on Fluorocarbon-Graphene Hybrids

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are pivotal for powering small electronic devices by converting mechanical energy into electrical energy. However, the wear resistance of TENG friction layers remains a critical barrier to their long-term performance. This study introduces a hybrid material combining fluorinated ethylene vinyl ether (FEVE) and three-dimensional hierarchical porous graphene (3D HPG) to address these challenges. FEVE was selected for its low friction coefficient and excellent wear resistance, while 3D HPG enhances charge generation and transfer efficiency. The incorporation of 3D HPG into FEVE significantly improves both triboelectric output and durability, achieving a charge density of 140 μC/m², surpassing conventional copper-based TENGs (50-120 μC/m²). The hybrid material demonstrates minimal performance degradation over 10⁵ sliding cycles, highlighting its potential for durable, low-cost, and high-efficiency TENGs in wearable and portable electronics.