The Role of Immune Response Components of the First and 17th Types in the Development of Allergic Diseases of the Respiratory System

In the classical view of the mechanisms of development of allergic inflammation, the leading role is given to Th2 cells and their cytokines. Currently, this concept is being rethought since, in some cases, influencing the components of the second type of immune response does not eliminate allergic symptoms. At the same time, experimental evidence has been obtained of the involvement of Th1 and Th17 lymphocyte populations in the development of allergic diseases of the respiratory tract, such as bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis. Components of the type one immune response, in particular IFN-γ, promote both anti-inflammatory and proinflammatory processes, regulating the severity of the immune response of the respiratory tract to the action of the allergen. The net effect is likely to be to inhibit its progression by suppressing the type two immune response. Components of the type 17 immune response activate a wide range of effector cells that support inflammation. Cytokines of the IL-17 family (IL-17A and IL-17F) stimulate the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in airway epithelial cells, which recruit and activate neutrophils. It is assumed that similar mechanisms determine the involvement of Th17 in the development of allergic airway inflammation.