A multinational multi-tenant IoT orchestration framework for bioacousticdriven biota preservation in Royal Belum State Park, Malaysia

The sustenance of life on Earth depends on balanced ecosystems, with forests serving as critical habitats for biodiversity. While IoT-based solutions have enabled remote monitoring and automated conservation actions in single-tenant forest environments, the challenge of shared responsibility in transboundary forests—where multiple nations oversee management—remains unaddressed. This paper proposes a novel holistic IoT framework that employs a bottom-up approach, integrating sensor networks, publish/subscribe data flows, and an action-driven dashboard to facilitate multi-tenant coordination. Designed based on the operational requirements of Malaysia-Thailand’s Royal Belum State Park under the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) supervision, this solution ensures credibility and scalability, offering a feasible model for global IoT-driven forest preservation in similar transboundary ecosystems.