A stretchable thermoacoustic sounder based on vertical graphene

Thermoacoustic effect sounders have great potential in achieving the vibration-free sound generation of conductive films. However, the fabrication of stretchable conductive films with high stability remains a challenge. In this paper, a stretchable thermoacoustic sounder has been developed using a conductive vertical graphene (VGr) film. At 100% maximum tensile strain, the resistance of the VGr film only increased by 23%. The thermoacoustic sounder can produce sound in the frequency range of 1–22 kHz and can stably output sound waves under 50% tensile strain with the sound pressure level of greater than 60 dB. The work paves a way in fabricating wearable thin-film sounders.