Temporal Relationship Between Hepatitis B Vaccination and Diabetes: A Case-Control Study

Background: Diabetes, a prevalent metabolic disorder, is influenced by a complex interplay of genetic, lifestyle and environmental factors. This study aimed to identify and analyze the correlation between various factors, including hepatitis B vaccination (HBV) and the incidence of diabetes. Methods: A case-control study was conducted with 487 cases of diagnosed diabetes and an equal number of age- and gender-matched controls that reported to the health record database. Participants' demographic, lifestyle factors, medical history, socioeconomic factors, dietary habits and HBV status were collected. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests for categorical variables and regression analyses to determine the associations between the factors and diabetes incidence. Results: The study revealed statistically significant differences between cases and controls concerning numerous variables. BMI, lifestyle factors such as exercise, smoking and regular alcohol consumption, family history of diabetes and certain medical conditions like hypertension, heart disease and kidney disease were all associated with diabetes incidence. Interestingly, an inverse relationship was observed between HBV and diabetes incidence. Lower education levels, lower income, poor access to healthcare, higher daily caloric intake and higher daily sugar intake were linked to a higher likelihood of having diabetes. The use of statins and antihypertensives was more prevalent among cases with diabetes. Conclusion: The study underscored the complex and multifactorial etiology of diabetes, revealing multiple determinants of its incidence. The intriguing inverse relationship between HBV and diabetes incidence calls for further investigation. The findings suggest that targeted interventions, considering lifestyle, genetic, medical and socioeconomic factors, can be effective in preventing and managing diabetes.