Correlation Between Occlusal Characteristics and Orofacial Myofunctional Patterns in Primary Dentition: Insights for Early Intervention

Background: Orofacial dysfunctions, both static and dynamic, are known to influence dental development and contribute to malocclusion. Early identification of these dysfunctions in primary dentition can play a crucial role in preventing future orthodontic complications. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between orofacial myofunctional dysfunctions and occlusal characteristics in primary dentition to identify key predictors of future orthodontic issues. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 50 children in the primary dentition phase. Each participant underwent a comprehensive evaluation of their myofunctional status and occlusal characteristics. Static and dynamic orofacial dysfunctions were assessed using standardized functional examinations. Additionally, oral habits such as thumb-sucking, mouth breathing and tongue thrusting were recorded to evaluate their impact on occlusion. Data were analyzed to determine the correlation between myofunctional dysfunctions and occlusal abnormalities such as distoclusion, lateral crossbite, increased overjet and primary frontal open bite. Results: The results showed that orofacial dysfunctions were not significantly correlated with functional problems or the presence of distoclusion in 11.2% of the children assessed. However, children with orofacial dysfunctions had notably higher rates of lateral crossbite, increased overjet and primary frontal open bite. Static dysfunctions were significantly more prevalent among children presenting with frontal open bite and lateral crossbite. Children displaying a combination of one static dysfunction and two dynamic dysfunctions were found to have an increased risk of developing future orthodontic problems. Conclusion: The findings suggest that children with specific orofacial dysfunction patterns are at greater risk of developing orthodontic issues. Identifying and addressing these dysfunctions early in primary dentition may help prevent future malocclusion and improve long-term dental outcomes. Early screening for both static and dynamic dysfunctions should be integrated into pediatric dental care to support timely intervention strategies.