Enhancing Pediatric Oral Health-Related Quality of Life: A Comprehensive Systematic Review of Oral Health Initiatives with Practical Applications and Global Relevance

Background: Over the past two decades, increasing emphasis has been placed on improving oral healthcare through social perspectives that prioritize subjective well-being and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). Children are particularly vulnerable to dental issues, making targeted interventions crucial. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of oral health initiatives in improving pediatric OHRQoL, emphasizing practical applications, cultural diversity and global relevance. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across Cochrane, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science using MeSH terms. The review followed PRISMA guidelines, ensuring rigorous data collection and analysis. Risk of Bias was assessed using the ROBINS-I tool for non-randomized trials and the Cochrane Collaboration tool for randomized trials. The study incorporated subgroup analysis to evaluate cultural and demographic diversity, enhancing the broader applicability of findings. Visual aids such as PRISMA flowcharts were utilized to improve clarity. Results: Out of 277 initial articles, 85 were excluded as duplicates. After reviewing titles and abstracts, eight studies met the eligibility criteria. Included studies utilized validated tools such as the Child Perception Questionnaire (CPQ) and Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS). Results highlighted that school-based interventions, preventive treatments and oral awareness programs significantly improved children's OHRQoL. Improvements were seen in social well-being, self-confidence and academic performance, emphasizing the broader psychosocial benefits of these interventions. Consistent follow-up and sustained education programs proved essential for maintaining long-term benefits. Conclusion: Oral health initiatives are effective in enhancing pediatric OHRQoL. The study underscores the importance of culturally adaptive strategies, cost-effective approaches and interdisciplinary collaboration to ensure wider impact. Further longitudinal research is encouraged to evaluate the sustained impact of these interventions across diverse populations.