Novel Bioactive Glass-Infused Periodontal Membranes: Antibacterial and Cytotoxic Evaluation for Guided Tissue Regeneration

Objectives: No other treatment works as effectively as guided tissue regeneration (GTR) membranes in periodontal therapy because they facilitate selective cell growth. The addition of bioactive glass (BG) to periodontal membranes enhances their antibacterial features along with the ability to be compatible with biological tissues. The current study examines both antibacterial effectiveness and cytotoxic characteristics of new bioactive glass-treated periodontal membrane constructions. Methods: New periodontal membranes were created by adding bioactive glass particles into a polymer substance that breaks down naturally over time. The antibacterial activity measurement for Streptococcus mutans and Porphyromonas gingivalis involved agar diffusion with zone of inhibition determination. The tests were carried out for cytotoxicity using MTT assays and human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) during 24 and 48 hours of incubation time. Statistical evaluation used one-way ANOVA as the analysis method. Results: The biological activity of bioactive glass-containing membranes effectively inhibited bacterial growth producing zones of inhibition that measured 15.2±1.3 mm for S. mutans and 14.8±1.5 mm for P. gingivalis. The MTT assay results showed that cell viability exceeded 85% at 24 hours and reached 80% at 48 hours which proved the low level of cytotoxicity in the samples. Conclusion: The periodontal membranes with incorporated bioactive glass displayed strong antimicrobial effects together with favorable biocompatible behavior. Bioactive glass shows indications to become an effective material for guided tissue regeneration applications in periodontal treatment. Limitations: The current research only examines laboratory results testing two bacterial strains while conducting brief tests for toxicity. Clinical Implications: Additional testing with live human subjects must validate the membranes for their intended use in guided tissue regeneration.