Cultural Heritage Perception, Awareness and Pedestrian Density: A Case Study in İzmir

Inspired by the well-known Turkish proverb "Even if we don't visit or see it, that village is still ours", this study explored whether historical buildings in frequently visited and walkable areas are more widely recognized, or if it is possible to identify, appreciate, and preserve historically significant buildings without seeing or passing by them. Specifically, this study investigates the relationship between pedestrian density and cultural heritage perception and awareness in Izmir’s historic district. Surveys were conducted with 138 residents to evaluate their knowledge of historical buildings from the Early Republican Period (or their cultural heritage awareness) and how they perceived the aesthetic quality of both the buildings and the streets where they are located. As a walkability indicator, pedestrian density around selected historical buildings was measured via objective and subjective methods. Unobtrusive observations, such as counting the number of people at specific locations during designated time intervals were used to evaluate the actual behaviour (objective measure). Additionally, surveys were employed to understand people's tendency to walk through the streets where these buildings are located (reported behaviour / subjective measure). The results show that streets surrounding well-preserved and aesthetically prominent buildings are preferred more often by pedestrians; or vice a versa. Results also confirm that increased pedestrian density is associated with a greater awareness of cultural heritage sites. Furthermore, aesthetically appealing streets are considered more suitable for recreational walking. These findings highlight the value of walkable spaces in urban planning and cultural heritage conservation, as pedestrian experience can boost awareness of cultural heritage.