Rehabilitation methods for musculoskeletal disorders

BACKGROUND: The increasing number of patients requiring treatment for musculoskeletal disorders due to degenerative changes in the spine and joints, as well as sports-related injuries, highlights the urgency of exploring non-pharmacological rehabilitation methods. AIM: To assess the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in the Russian Federation and analyze the frequency of non-pharmacological treatment methods used for these conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study describes the most common forms of musculoskeletal disorders and provides a detailed structural analysis of patient visits to outpatient and inpatient facilities for musculoskeletal disorder treatment, highlighting the high demand for non-pharmacological rehabilitation methods in managing these conditions. A statistical evaluation of non-pharmacological rehabilitation methods was conducted based on data collected from healthcare institutions in Moscow and the Moscow region from 2022 to 2023. RESULTS: The findings emphasize the importance of expanding the use of non-pharmacological therapy due to its high efficacy, adaptability across different age groups, and safety, making it suitable for both young athletes and older adults with comorbid conditions. CONCLUSION: The combination of specially selected physical exercises (kinesitherapy) and the simultaneous application of at least three physical therapy modalities provides enhanced analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. The choice of specific modalities should be based on a personalized assessment of the patient, considering age, primary and comorbid conditions, and the pathogenetic mechanisms of the selected physical factors.