Assessing Sexual Education in Academic Institutions: Knowledge, Attitude and Practice among Medical and Non-Medical Students

Background: Adolescent sexual and reproductive health (SRH) remains a critical issue in Bangladesh, where limited access to accurate information and education exacerbates risks such as unplanned pregnancies and STIs (Sexually Transmitted Infections). Comprehensive Sexuality Education (CSE) has proven to enhance understanding, attitudes, and behaviors related to SRH, yet many adolescents lack the necessary resources. This research emphasizes the urgent need for standardized sexual health education to equip both youth and healthcare professionals with essential knowledge for healthier future outcomes. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 300 participants from Chattagram Maa O Shishu Hospital Medical College (CMOSHMC) and University of Science and Technology (USTC), of Chattogram, Bangladesh (163 medical and 137 non-medical university students), selected through convenience sampling. A structured questionnaire assessed knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to sexually transmitted Infections (STIs), sexual health, contraception, and sexual education. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, and independent samples t-test. Ethical approval and informed consent were obtained from respected institutions and the participants. Results: The study included 300 participants (mean age 19-26 years), with 72.7% females and 27.3% males. Most (86.7%) identified the primary purpose of sex education as preventing STDs (Sexually Transmitted Diseases), HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome), and promoting safe relationships. While 40.7% believed sex education should start between ages 13-15, medical students showed significantly better knowledge (P = 0.002) and attitudes (P = 0.000) than non-medical students. However, there was no significant difference in practice (P = 0.367), with most students exhibiting moderate to poor practice. Conclusion: The study highlights significant differences in knowledge and attitudes toward sex education between medical and non-medical students, with medical students demonstrating better outcomes. However, the practice of sexual health behaviors showed no significant difference between the two groups. These findings underscore the need for improved and standardized sex education across disciplines to enhance both knowledge and practice.