Research trend and knowledge gap analysis on fracture energy based concrete analysis and design

Abstract Concrete, a widely used construction material, is prone to cracking under stress conditions. It is highly effective in handling compressive forces but weak in resisting tension. Consequently, when exposed to excessive, repetitive, or cyclic loads, concrete structures are at risk of developing cracks that can significantly reduce their strength and durability. To improve the durability of structures and toughness of materials, it is crucial to evaluate the fracture energy induced in concrete owing to the loading and evolution of the cracking pattern. Although many studies have been conducted to understand the behaviour of concrete during the fracture process, there is a lack of research trend analysis, which is typically performed using bibliometric processes. In this scientometric review, an analysis was performed for 2027 articles related to fracture mechanics from the Scopus database, covering the period between 1972 and 2024, exploring various methods for determining fracture energy, and presenting the findings in this review. Additionally, this bibliographic study identifies the top authors, sources, and countries involved in the field, as well as future trends in fracture mechanics related to fracture energy and its application to concrete design. Bibliometric software, including Biblioshiny and VOSviewer, identified the top ten keywords in this research area that can be used to understand research progress.