A Case Study on the Park Transformation of New York’s Waterfront Industrial Heritage† - Focusing on Little Island, Pier 26, and Domino Park -

This study analyzes the process of transforming waterfront industrial heritage into parks in New York City, focusing on spatial design techniques, programming, and management strategies. In terms of spatial design, efforts were made to enhance openness and accessibility by improving physical access to the waterfront and strengthening connectivity through integration with urban planning. Strategies for maintaining the historical context while reinterpreting the space in a modern way included juxtaposing existing structures with new elements and incorporating design elements that reflect the materiality of the industrial facilities. Additionally, various environmental techniques, such as drainage systems, eco-friendly materials, and the creation of habitats, were employed to establish sustainable and environmentally friendly parks. Regarding programming, everyday cultural activities were combined with enhanced educational and marine recreation functions. In terms of management, various models of public-private collaboration were employed, with long-term funding secured through donations and revenue from on-site facilities. This study confirms that waterfront industrial heritage design differs from general industrial heritage regeneration, emphasizing the need for harmony with the waterfront environment and the preservation of public value. Furthermore, it identifies key challenges, including conflicts between private land ownership and public water resources, differences in park objectives based on the managing entity, and issues related to gentrification.