Prevalence and associated factors of depression, anxiety and stress among Malaysian adults: An analysis from One Health perspective

Objective: To determine the prevalence of, and identify the factors associated with, depression, anxiety, and stress (DAS), separately among Malaysian adults. Methods: An online based cross-sectional study was conducted among Malaysian adults from January to March 2021 comprising 499 participants. The SPSS software was utilized in data analysis. Chi -squared test of association and multiple logistic regression with a backward deletion strategy were performed to identify the factors associated with DAS, separately. Results: The prevalence (95% CI ) of DAS were 49.7% (45.2%, 54.2%), 49.3% (44.8%, 53.8%), and 24.5% (20.7%, 28.5%), respectively. Based on the results of multiple logistic regression analysis, there was significant interrelationship of DAS among respondents. Depression was significantly associated with anxiety [ OR adj (95% CI ):13.8 (8.3, 23.0)] and stress [ OR adj (95% CI ): 15.3 (5.8, 40.7)]. Anxiety was significantly associated with depression [ OR adj (95% CI ): 12.3 (7.6, 20.1)] and stress [ OR adj (95% CI ): 8.6 (3.6, 20.2)]. Stress was significantly associated with depression [ OR adj (95% CI ): 12.7 (5.2, 31.4)] and anxiety [ OR adj (95% CI ): 7.8 (3.4, 17.9)]. Additionally, age group of the respondents was significantly associated with anxiety. However, residence and marital status of the respondents were found to have significant association with stress. Conclusions: DAS are highly prevalent among Malaysian adults. Appropriate community-based interventions should be undertaken in order to improve the mental health status, especially among youths, urban dwellers, and singles (or) unmarried persons. Further prospective studies should also be conducted to assess the directions of such disorders.