Intestinal microbiome: basics of diagnostics for maintaining health

Aim. To examine the impact of the gut microbiome on human health, as well as modern methods of its diagnosis, determining the role of modern diagnostic tests as a tool for assessing the microbiota state and its importance in personalized medicine. Materials and methods. A literature search was conducted in scientometric databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, using the keywords: gut microbiome, microbiota diagnostics, GA-map dysbiosis test, fecal microbiota. The analysis included over 30 sources from specialized scientific literature. Results. The article covers the role of gut microbiome diagnostics in maintaining human health by presenting a comprehensive analysis of modern diagnostic methods, their comparative advantages and disadvantages, with a focus on the GA-map dysbiosis test as an innovative standardized approach. The authors review the historical context, dating all the way back to the Hippocrates’ views, and trace the evolution of microbiome studies to modern technological advances. Particular attention is paid to key aspects of microbiome composition, including recent changes in the nomenclature of bacterial phyla and the issues of various diagnostic method standardization. The article discusses the stages of development and clinical validation of the GA-map diagnostic test, emphasizing its advantages in providing standardized and reproducible results. The clinical application and interpretation of the test results are analyzed, demonstrating the importance of the test for personalized medicine approaches. The study reinforces the importance of understanding the gut microbiota for disease prevention and treatment, suggesting that standardized diagnostic methods such as GA-map could significantly improve clinical outcomes. Conclusions. The importance of maintaining microbiota balance for disease prevention has been emphasized. The GA-map dysbiosis test has demonstrated high accuracy and reproducibility allowing physicians to develop individualized nutrition and treatment recommendations and making it a key tool in modern medicine aimed at a personalized therapeutic approach.