Assessing the impact of demographic and contextual factors on cyclist safety at midblock locations and intersections

Cyclist crashes are a growing concern in Malaysia due to cyclists' vulnerability and infrastructural risks. This study identifies demographic and contextual factors influencing risky cyclist behaviours in Kuala Lumpur, Cyberjaya, and Shah Alam, focusing on helmet non-use, reflective clothes non-use, light non-use, riding two abreast, and riding outside designated lanes. Field observations (2,665) were conducted at midblock and intersection locations. Results show helmet non-use is more common during morning peak hours, among road bike users, in parks, and on weekends. Riding two abreast is frequent on weekdays and less common among female cyclists. Riding outside designated lanes increases during rainy conditions and in areas without street parking, but decreases on weekdays, during recreational activities, and in parks. At intersections, helmet non-use is prevalent during morning peak hours, among mountain and road bike users, and during recreational activities. These findings can inform targeted interventions like awareness programs, infrastructure improvements, policy enforcement, and promoting safety gear to enhance cyclist safety in Malaysia.