Modern aspects of presbyopia correction in patients with myopia (literature review)

Purpose. To study modern technologies of non-surgical and surgical methods of presbyopia correction in patients with myopic refraction. Material and methods. For this review, we used foreign and domestic scientific literature published on PubMed, Eyepress, PMC free article, Google Scholar platforms, devoted to the improvement of technologies and peculiarities of near and distance vision correction in presbyopia associated with myopia. Studies published between 1 January 2005 and 1 January 2023 were included in the analysis. Results. Various methods have been proposed to correct refractive errors associated with presbyopia, including contact lenses, spectacles, and surgical techniques that alter the optics of the cornea or replace the crystalline lens. In recent decades, many alternative surgical solutions have been developed: different variants of presbyopic LASIK, inlay implantation, multifocal intraocular lenses, and phakic lenses to improve vision in presbyopic individuals with the goal of achieving independence from spectacle correction. Conclusion. The current literature on presbyopia correction in patients with myopic refraction focuses on multifocal excimer laser methods, which are unstable and unpredictable due to the modelling of the corneal epithelial layer. Therefore, the methods of correction by implantation of additive negative phakic lenses (pIOLs) with near addition are still relevant. However, there are few studies on these lenses in the available literature, and further research is needed to evaluate the efficacy, safety and stability of this method. Key words: presbyopia, myopia, laser keratorefractive surgery, multifocal intraocular lenses, phakic intraocular lenses