Cluster models of innovation interaction in the context of sectoral recovery of ukraine’s economy

The article explores theoretical and methodological foundations and practical aspects of forming and developing cluster models of innovation interaction as a tool for the sectoral recovery of Ukraine’s economy. The cluster concept is examined as an effective mechanism for structural economic transformation and activation of innovation processes in key sectors during the post-war period. The relevance of the cluster approach for economic recovery is substantiated in terms of its ability to increase productivity, intensify innovation activity, optimize investment processes, and promote regional development. The evolution of cluster theories in economic science is analyzed, revealing their integration with concepts of “smart specialization,” digital transformation, and sustainable development. A typology of innovation clusters is systematized according to various criteria, and their functioning as a localized form of innovation ecosystems is elaborated. Based on the analysis of international experience in cluster formation during post-crisis periods, key success factors and possibilities for adapting this experience to Ukrainian realities are identified. The current state of cluster formations in Ukraine is studied, and problems in their development under wartime conditions are revealed. Four priority areas of clustering for Ukraine’s economic recovery are defined: IT clusters as drivers of digitalization, agricultural clusters for food security, energy clusters for green transformation, and defense-industrial clusters for strengthening national security. Recommendations for state and regional authorities, businesses, and scientific-educational institutions regarding implementing the cluster approach in Ukraine’s economic recovery process are offered. Further research should focus on studying the digital transformation processes of clusters and their adaptation to geopolitical challenges and new security conditions. Keywords: innovation clusters, sectoral economic recovery, post-war reconstruction, cluster policy, sectoral innovations.