Potential of genistein for the treatment of allergic diseases

Allergic diseases are prevalent health issues, affecting approximately 20 % of the global population. Mast cells (MC) play a pivotal role in allergic reactions by releasing various proinflammatory mediators such as histamine, lipid mediators, and cytokines/chemokines. Natural compounds, particularly secondary plant metabolites, are gaining attention for their potential in disease prevention and treatment. This review focuses on the anti-inflammatory properties of genistein, a naturally occurring isoflavone, in the context of MCs-mediated allergic reactions. Studies demonstrate that genistein effectively inhibits MCs degranulation, reduces the synthesis of arachidonic acid metabolites, and suppresses the expression of cytokines and chemokines. Additionally, genistein modulates the activation of signaling molecules involved in proinflammatory pathways. Clinical trials have also highlighted the beneficial effects of genistein in patients with allergic conditions. While further research is needed to fully establish genistein's efficacy in allergy treatment, the existing evidence suggests its potential as an anti-inflammatory nutraceutical. Addressing the challenges related to genistein's bioavailability could enhance its therapeutic applications. • Genistein inhibits mast cell degranulation via tyrosine kinases (TyrKs) in vitro and in vivo. • Genistein suppresses cytokines/chemokines by blocking MAPK/STAT3 and 5-lipoxygenase pathways. • Genistein restores Th1/Th2 balance by downregulating Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13).