Enzyme Inhibitory and Antioxidant Potential with Phytochemical Analysis of <i>Satureja hasturkii</i> H.Duman &amp; Dirmenci: A New Record From Türkiye

The genus Satureja (Lamiaceae) includes many aromatic species with known antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. Satureja hasturkii H.Duman & Dirmenci is a newly described species from Türkiye (2023), and its biological potential has not been explored yet. In this study, dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate (EtOAc), and ethanol (EtOH) extracts were assessed for their enzyme inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), elastase, collagenase, tyrosinase (TYR), and xanthine oxidase (XO), along with their antioxidant activities using DPPH, nitric oxide (NO), metal-chelation, ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and cupric-reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) assays. The extracts showed low to moderate inhibition levels at 2 mg/mL (stock concentration). The EtOAc extract showed the most effective elastase (16.70 ± 2.08%) and collagenase (13.96 ± 3.70%) inhibition. XO inhibition was highest with EtOH (34.34 ± 0.60%), followed by EtOAc extract (30.32 ± 2.03%). DCM extract displayed the strongest metal-chelating activity (72.38 ± 1.86%). Essential oil composition analyzed by GC-MS revealed docosane, γ-terpinene, and p-cymene as major constituents. HPLC analysis of the extracts identified rosmarinic acid and luteolin-7-O-glucoside as abundant phenolics. These results highlight the species' potential as a natural source of bioactive agents for pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications.