Targeting Myostatin as an Adjunct Treatment for the Preservation of Cardiometabolic and Skeletal Muscle Function in Type 1 Diabetes

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1D) is a disease characterized by the destruction of pancreatic beta cells. The subsequent loss of insulin production results in hyperglycemia, muscle wasting, and vascular dysfunction. Due to an inability to appropriately maintain glucose homeostasis, patients afflicted with T1D suffer from increased morbidity and early mortality. Skeletal muscle is the body's largest metabolic reservoir, absorbing significant amounts of glucose from the bloodstream and physical exercise is known to improve and prevent the progression of pathological outcomes, but many T1D patients are unable to exercise at a level that conveys benefit. Thus, directly targeting muscle mass and function may prove beneficial for improving T1D patient outcomes, independent of exercise. A potent negative regulator of skeletal muscle has been identified as being upregulated in T1D patients, namely the myokine myostatin. Our hypothesis is that targeting myostatin (via genetic deletion) will prevent glucose dysfunction in a T1D model, preserve skeletal muscle function, and protect against vascular and renal dysfunction. Our methods utilized adult male mice with (WT) and without myostatin (Myo KO), in combination with the chemical induction of T1D (streptozotocin). Experimental outcomes included the assessment of glucose homeostasis (plasma glucose, HbA1c, IGTT), metabolism, muscle function (in vivo plantarflexion), and skeletal muscle vascular function (ex vivo pressure myography). Our results described systemic benefits from myostatin deletion in the T1D model, independent of insulin, including the following: inhibition of T1D-induced increases in plasma glucose, prevention of functional deficits in muscle performance, and preservation of fluid dynamics. Further, endothelial function was preserved with myostatin deletion. Taken together, these data inform upon the use of myostatin inhibition as a therapeutic target for effective treatment and management of the cardiometabolic and skeletal muscle dysfunction that occurs with T1D.