New marker for the detection of pre-retinopathy in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus: systemic immuno-inflammation index

This study highlights the potential of the SII as a biomarker for detecting early subclinical retinal and choroidal changes in T1DM patients before the onset of retinopathy. The observed correlations among spot urine tests, the SII and OCTA parameters support the role of systemic inflammation in the early microvascular alterations associated with diabetes. These findings may contribute to early diagnosis and novel preventive strategies in DR. However, given the limited sample size, these findings should be interpreted with caution. Larger, well-stratified prospective studies are warranted to validate these preliminary observations.