Exploring the application of ferroelectret nanogenerators in medical engineering

Abstract Flexible devices derived from piezoelectric materials have gained considerable attention due to their exceptional biocompatibility. Among these, ferroelectret nanogenerators (FENG) is a novel type of flexible piezoelectric device that integrates self‐powering, actuation, and sensing capabilities. Its potential applications within the realm of human physiological medicine are continuously expanding. Given the increasing public emphasis on health, demand is escalating for devices that can monitor human activity indicators and reflect the state of bodily functions. In this context, flexible devices with superior biocompatibility have become increasingly valuable for medical testing, sports training guidance, and physical exercise. Due to its exceptional flexibility, high sensitivity, significant piezoelectric coefficient, and excellent biocompatibility, FENG has garnered considerable attention in medical applications, demonstrating strong potential for accurately detecting human physiological activities. Therefore, an in‐depth exploration of FENG's applications in medical testing and auxiliary treatment carries significant practical implications. However, current research on FENG's application in the medical field lacks comprehensive understanding and systematic evaluation. This paper aims to review the most recent advancement in the application of FENG in medical settings. By presenting a wide variety of application examples and systematic evaluations, we aim to demonstrate that FENG can meet the personalized needs of the medical application field. First, this paper introduces the working principle of FENG and its fabrication methods, followed by an introduction to FENG's applications in four major human physiological systems: blood circulation, respiration, muscle movement, and nerve reflexes. Finally, potential directions for further development of FENG and the challenges faced are discussed.