Genotoxicity Analysis of PBMCS in Cells Using Comet and DNA Fragmentation Assay Methods

Phenol is a common industrial chemical that may be harmful to human health. This study examines how phenol affects the genetic material of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMC) using MTT assay, DNA fragmentation assay, and comet assay. The MTT assay measured cell survival cell viability. The IC50 value was found to be 5.078 μg/ml, indicating that phenol disrupts the normal functioning of cells, especially their mitochondria, leading to decreased survival. The DNA fragmentation assay confirmed that phenol DNA damage. This prove that phenol harms cells through oxidative stress or by directly affecting their genetic material. The comet assay provided further evidence of DNA damage. Cells exposed to phenol showed an increased number of DNA strand breaks compared to untreated cells. These results show that phenol has harmful effects on cells and DNA. More research is needed to fully understand how phenol causes this damage. Future studies should investigate oxidative stress, DNA repair mechanisms, and genes involved in cell death. Long-term studies in living organisms are also important to determine if phenol exposure could increase the risk of diseases like cancer. Understanding these effects will help create safety guidelines to reduce human exposure to phenol and its toxic effects.