Comparative perspective of thermal and mass transport for chemical reactive flow of tetra hybrid nanofluid mediated blood inside a stenosis artery with Joule heating and heat generation

In this article, the characteristics of heat generation on chemical reactive flow of magnetized tetra hybrid nanofluid inside a stenotic artery with variable fluid properties are briefly compared. Moreover, Joule heating effects are taken into account. Because stenotic arteries are used in biomedicine, blood flow through them is a vital field of study in computational fluid mechanics. This study goals to explore the impacts of nanoparticles on human blood flow parameters in a stenosed blood vessel. Human blood is assumed to be the Newtonian fluid in the situation under investigation. The purpose of the suggested models is to evaluate the performance of the XM (Xue model), YOM (Yamada–Ota model) and HCM (Hamilton-Crosser model) of THNF (tetra hybrid nanofluid model). A THNF including silver <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>Ag</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , gold <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>Au</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , coper <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>Cu</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , titanium oxide <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>Ti</mml:mi> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>O</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , and blood as the improper fluid is used. By using a suitable similarity variable method, PDEs have been transformed into dimensionless ODEs. The built-in bvp4c solver in the mathematical programming application MATLAB is then used to solve the ODEs both numerically and graphically. The thermal profile improves as the variable thermal conductivity parameter values rise.