Co-Community Network Analysis Reveals Alterations in Brain Networks in Alzheimer’s Disease

<b>Background</b>: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disease. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) can be used to measure the temporal correlation of blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signals in the brain to assess the brain's intrinsic connectivity and capture dynamic changes in the brain. In this study, our research goal is to investigate how the brain network structure, as measured by resting-state fMRI, differs across distinct physiological states. <b>Method:</b> With the research goal of addressing the limitations of BOLD signal-based brain networks constructed using Pearson correlation coefficients, individual brain networks and community detection are used to study the brain networks based on co-community probability matrices (CCPMs). We used CCPMs and enrichment analysis to compare differences in brain network topological characteristics among three typical brain states. <b>Result:</b> The experimental results indicate that AD patients with increasing disease severity levels will experience the isolation of brain networks and alterations in the topological characteristics of brain networks, such as the Somatomotor Network (SMN), dorsal attention network (DAN), and Default Mode Network (DMN). <b>Conclusion:</b> This work suggests that using different data-driven methods based on CCPMs to study alterations in the topological characteristics of brain networks would provide better information complementarity, which can provide a novel analytical perspective for AD progression and a new direction for the extraction of neuro-biomarkers in the early diagnosis of AD.