Feeling of exposure to fluviomarine risks and adaptation strategies in the Loire estuary

Abstract Estuaries are low- elevation morphological areas that are highly susceptible to submersion and flooding, and particularly so in view of the rising sea level. As with coastlines, where many adaptation strategies are under consideration (relocation, adaptation of buildings, nature-based solutions, etc.), future adaptation strategies for estuaries involve a number of different ways of converting the area, all of which must be developed on the appropriate spatial and temporal scales and in agreement with the local people. In this regard it is appropriate to examine the views of local residents in an estuarine context. Do they feel vulnerable? What are their perceptions of how planning has evolved in relation to climate change, and what are their preferences in respect of risk management? This article presents the results of an enquiry carried out downstream of the Loire estuary in an area characterized by industry, urban development and natural spaces. The survey involved 633 individuals whose views on the relationships between the local residents and their territory, in terms of fluviomarine risks and adaptation procedures, were collected by completing a questionnaire. The results reveal that few of the people surveyed are worried about fluviomarine risks, although they are aware of the ongoing climate change and that areas close to where they live are under threat. On the other hand, they feel much more threatened by the industrial risk which is characteristic of the Loire estuary. In terms of adaptation strategies the results are highly consensual, although sometimes confused, and could reveal a lack of ‘concern’ about these topics. The results of this research highlight determining factors such as time spent in the community and at home, the elements inherent to estuarine environments, and the memory of local risks. These elements could be useful for stakeholders in large industrialized estuaries wishing to embark on an adaptation strategy or submersion risk management.