Neutrino masses and mixing: Entering the era of subpercent precision

We perform an updated global analysis of the known and unknown parameters of the standard three-neutrino (<a:math xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><a:mn>3</a:mn><a:mi>ν</a:mi></a:math>) framework, using data available at the beginning of 2025. The known oscillation parameters include three mixing angles <c:math xmlns:c="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><c:mo stretchy="false">(</c:mo><c:msub><c:mi>θ</c:mi><c:mn>12</c:mn></c:msub><c:mo>,</c:mo><c:msub><c:mi>θ</c:mi><c:mn>23</c:mn></c:msub><c:mo>,</c:mo><c:msub><c:mi>θ</c:mi><c:mn>13</c:mn></c:msub><c:mo stretchy="false">)</c:mo></c:math> and two squared mass gaps, chosen as <g:math xmlns:g="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><g:mrow><g:mi>δ</g:mi><g:msup><g:mrow><g:mi>m</g:mi></g:mrow><g:mrow><g:mn>2</g:mn></g:mrow></g:msup><g:mo>=</g:mo><g:msubsup><g:mrow><g:mi>m</g:mi></g:mrow><g:mrow><g:mn>2</g:mn></g:mrow><g:mrow><g:mn>2</g:mn></g:mrow></g:msubsup><g:mo>−</g:mo><g:msubsup><g:mrow><g:mi>m</g:mi></g:mrow><g:mrow><g:mn>1</g:mn></g:mrow><g:mrow><g:mn>2</g:mn></g:mrow></g:msubsup><g:mo>&gt;</g:mo><g:mn>0</g:mn></g:mrow></g:math> and <i:math xmlns:i="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><i:mrow><i:mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</i:mi><i:msup><i:mrow><i:mi>m</i:mi></i:mrow><i:mrow><i:mn>2</i:mn></i:mrow></i:msup><i:mo>=</i:mo><i:msubsup><i:mrow><i:mi>m</i:mi></i:mrow><i:mrow><i:mn>3</i:mn></i:mrow><i:mrow><i:mn>2</i:mn></i:mrow></i:msubsup><i:mo>−</i:mo><i:mfrac><i:mrow><i:mn>1</i:mn></i:mrow><i:mrow><i:mn>2</i:mn></i:mrow></i:mfrac><i:mo stretchy="false">(</i:mo><i:msubsup><i:mrow><i:mi>m</i:mi></i:mrow><i:mrow><i:mn>1</i:mn></i:mrow><i:mrow><i:mn>2</i:mn></i:mrow></i:msubsup><i:mo>+</i:mo><i:msubsup><i:mrow><i:mi>m</i:mi></i:mrow><i:mrow><i:mn>2</i:mn></i:mrow><i:mrow><i:mn>2</i:mn></i:mrow></i:msubsup><i:mo stretchy="false">)</i:mo></i:mrow></i:math>, where the discrete parameter <n:math xmlns:n="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><n:mrow><n:mi>α</n:mi><n:mo>=</n:mo><n:mrow><n:mi>sign</n:mi></n:mrow><n:mo stretchy="false">(</n:mo><n:mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</n:mi><n:msup><n:mrow><n:mi>m</n:mi></n:mrow><n:mrow><n:mn>2</n:mn></n:mrow></n:msup><n:mo stretchy="false">)</n:mo></n:mrow></n:math> distinguishes normal ordering (NO, <s:math xmlns:s="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><s:mi>α</s:mi><s:mo>=</s:mo><s:mo>+</s:mo><s:mn>1</s:mn></s:math>) from inverted ordering (IO, <u:math xmlns:u="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><u:mi>α</u:mi><u:mo>=</u:mo><u:mo>−</u:mo><u:mn>1</u:mn></u:math>). With respect to our previous 2021 update, the combination of accelerator, reactor, and atmospheric neutrino data leads to appreciably reduced uncertainties for <w:math xmlns:w="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><w:msub><w:mi>θ</w:mi><w:mn>23</w:mn></w:msub></w:math>, <y:math xmlns:y="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><y:msub><y:mi>θ</y:mi><y:mn>13</y:mn></y:msub></y:math>, and <ab:math xmlns:ab="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><ab:mo stretchy="false">|</ab:mo><ab:mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</ab:mi><ab:msup><ab:mi>m</ab:mi><ab:mn>2</ab:mn></ab:msup><ab:mo stretchy="false">|</ab:mo></ab:math>. In particular, <fb:math xmlns:fb="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><fb:mo stretchy="false">|</fb:mo><fb:mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</fb:mi><fb:msup><fb:mi>m</fb:mi><fb:mn>2</fb:mn></fb:msup><fb:mo stretchy="false">|</fb:mo></fb:math> is the first <kb:math xmlns:kb="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><kb:mn>3</kb:mn><kb:mi>ν</kb:mi></kb:math> parameter to enter the domain of subpercent precision (0.8% at <mb:math xmlns:mb="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mb:mn>1</mb:mn><mb:mi>σ</mb:mi></mb:math>). We underline some issues about common systematics in combined fits that might affect (and possibly weaken) this error estimate. Concerning oscillation unknowns, we find a relatively weak preference for NO versus IO (at <ob:math xmlns:ob="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><ob:mn>2.2</ob:mn><ob:mi>σ</ob:mi></ob:math>), for <qb:math xmlns:qb="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><qb:mi>C</qb:mi><qb:mi>P</qb:mi></qb:math> violation versus conservation in NO (<sb:math xmlns:sb="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><sb:mrow><sb:mn>1.3</sb:mn><sb:mi>σ</sb:mi></sb:mrow></sb:math>), and for the first <ub:math xmlns:ub="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><ub:msub><ub:mi>θ</ub:mi><ub:mn>23</ub:mn></ub:msub></ub:math> octant versus the second in NO (<wb:math xmlns:wb="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><wb:mn>1.1</wb:mn><wb:mi>σ</wb:mi></wb:math>). We discuss the current status and qualitative prospects of the mass ordering hint in the plane charted by the mass parameters <yb:math xmlns:yb="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><yb:mrow><yb:mo stretchy="false">(</yb:mo><yb:mi>δ</yb:mi><yb:msup><yb:mrow><yb:mi>m</yb:mi></yb:mrow><yb:mrow><yb:mn>2</yb:mn></yb:mrow></yb:msup><yb:mo>,</yb:mo><yb:mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</yb:mi><yb:msubsup><yb:mrow><yb:mi>m</yb:mi></yb:mrow><yb:mrow><yb:mi>e</yb:mi><yb:mi>e</yb:mi></yb:mrow><yb:mrow><yb:mn>2</yb:mn></yb:mrow></yb:msubsup><yb:mo stretchy="false">)</yb:mo></yb:mrow></yb:math>, where <dc:math xmlns:dc="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><dc:mrow><dc:mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</dc:mi><dc:msubsup><dc:mrow><dc:mi>m</dc:mi></dc:mrow><dc:mrow><dc:mi>e</dc:mi><dc:mi>e</dc:mi></dc:mrow><dc:mrow><dc:mn>2</dc:mn></dc:mrow></dc:msubsup><dc:mo>=</dc:mo><dc:mo stretchy="false">|</dc:mo><dc:mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</dc:mi><dc:msup><dc:mrow><dc:mi>m</dc:mi></dc:mrow><dc:mrow><dc:mn>2</dc:mn></dc:mrow></dc:msup><dc:mo stretchy="false">|</dc:mo><dc:mo>+</dc:mo><dc:mfrac><dc:mrow><dc:mn>1</dc:mn></dc:mrow><dc:mrow><dc:mn>2</dc:mn></dc:mrow></dc:mfrac><dc:mi>α</dc:mi><dc:mo stretchy="false">(</dc:mo><dc:msup><dc:mrow><dc:mi>cos</dc:mi></dc:mrow><dc:mrow><dc:mn>2</dc:mn></dc:mrow></dc:msup><dc:msub><dc:mrow><dc:mi>θ</dc:mi></dc:mrow><dc:mrow><dc:mn>12</dc:mn></dc:mrow></dc:msub><dc:mo>−</dc:mo><dc:msup><dc:mrow><dc:mi>sin</dc:mi></dc:mrow><dc:mrow><dc:mn>2</dc:mn></dc:mrow></dc:msup><dc:msub><dc:mrow><dc:mi>θ</dc:mi></dc:mrow><dc:mrow><dc:mn>12</dc:mn></dc:mrow></dc:msub><dc:mo stretchy="false">)</dc:mo><dc:mi>δ</dc:mi><dc:msup><dc:mrow><dc:mi>m</dc:mi></dc:mrow><dc:mrow><dc:mn>2</dc:mn></dc:mrow></dc:msup></dc:mrow></dc:math>, to be jointly measured by the JUNO experiment with subpercent precision. We also discuss upper bounds on nonoscillation observables, including the effective <lc:math xmlns:lc="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><lc:msub><lc:mi>ν</lc:mi><lc:mi>e</lc:mi></lc:msub></lc:math> mass <nc:math xmlns:nc="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><nc:msub><nc:mi>m</nc:mi><nc:mi>β</nc:mi></nc:msub></nc:math> in <pc:math xmlns:pc="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><pc:mi>β</pc:mi></pc:math> decay, the effective Majorana mass <rc:math xmlns:rc="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><rc:msub><rc:mi>m</rc:mi><rc:mrow><rc:mi>β</rc:mi><rc:mi>β</rc:mi></rc:mrow></rc:msub></rc:math> in <tc:math xmlns:tc="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><tc:mn>0</tc:mn><tc:mi>ν</tc:mi><tc:mi>β</tc:mi><tc:mi>β</tc:mi></tc:math> decay, and the sum of neutrino masses <vc:math xmlns:vc="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><vc:mi mathvariant="normal">Σ</vc:mi></vc:math> in cosmology. We adopt <yc:math xmlns:yc="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><yc:msub><yc:mi>m</yc:mi><yc:mi>β</yc:mi></yc:msub><yc:mo>&lt;</yc:mo><yc:mn>0.50</yc:mn><yc:mtext> </yc:mtext><yc:mtext> </yc:mtext><yc:mi>eV</yc:mi></yc:math> <ad:math xmlns:ad="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><ad:mo stretchy="false">(</ad:mo><ad:mn>2</ad:mn><ad:mi>σ</ad:mi><ad:mo stretchy="false">)</ad:mo></ad:math> from current <ed:math xmlns:ed="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><ed:mrow><ed:mmultiscripts><ed:mrow><ed:mi mathvariant="normal">H</ed:mi></ed:mrow><ed:mprescripts/><ed:none/><ed:mrow><ed:mn>3</ed:mn></ed:mrow></ed:mmultiscripts></ed:mrow></ed:math> data and report <hd:math xmlns:hd="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><hd:msub><hd:mi>m</hd:mi><hd:mrow><hd:mi>β</hd:mi><hd:mi>β</hd:mi></hd:mrow></hd:msub><hd:mo>&lt;</hd:mo><hd:mn>0.086</hd:mn><hd:mtext> </hd:mtext><hd:mtext> </hd:mtext><hd:mi>eV</hd:mi></hd:math> (<jd:math xmlns:jd="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><jd:mn>2</jd:mn><jd:mi>σ</jd:mi></jd:math>) from a combined <ld:math xmlns:ld="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><ld:mrow><ld:mmultiscripts><ld:mrow><ld:mi>Ge</ld:mi></ld:mrow><ld:mprescripts/><ld:none/><ld:mrow><ld:mn>76</ld:mn></ld:mrow></ld:mmultiscripts></ld:mrow></ld:math>, <nd:math xmlns:nd="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><nd:mrow><nd:mmultiscripts><nd:mrow><nd:mi>Te</nd:mi></nd:mrow><nd:mprescripts/><nd:none/><nd:mrow><nd:mn>130</nd:mn></nd:mrow></nd:mmultiscripts></nd:mrow></nd:math>, and <pd:math xmlns:pd="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><pd:mrow><pd:mmultiscripts><pd:mrow><pd:mi>Xe</pd:mi></pd:mrow><pd:mprescripts/><pd:none/><pd:mrow><pd:mn>136</pd:mn></pd:mrow></pd:mmultiscripts></pd:mrow></pd:math> data analysis, accounting for parametrized nuclear matrix element covariances. Concerning <rd:math xmlns:rd="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><rd:mi mathvariant="normal">Σ</rd:mi></rd:math>, current results show tensions within the standard <ud:math xmlns:ud="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><ud:mi mathvariant="normal">Λ</ud:mi></ud:math> cold dark matter (<xd:math xmlns:xd="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><xd:mi mathvariant="normal">Λ</xd:mi><xd:mi>CDM</xd:mi></xd:math>) cosmological model, pulling <

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Publication Details

Journal
Physical review. D/Physical review. D.
Published
2025-05-19
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.111.093006
Citations
29
Primary Topic
Neutrino Physics Research
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
54.24

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article

Neutrino masses and mixing: Entering the era of subpercent precision

A. Marrone, A. Melchiorri, Francesco Capozzi, A. Palazzo et al.
29 citations
Physical review. D/Physical review. D.
Neutrino Physics Research
54.24
article

Neutrino masses and mixing: Entering the era of subpercent precision

A. Marrone, A. Melchiorri, Francesco Capozzi, A. Palazzo, William Giarè, E. Lisi
article en
29 citations

Abstract

We perform an updated global analysis of the known and unknown parameters of the standard three-neutrino (<a:math xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><a:mn>3</a:mn><a:mi>ν</a:mi></a:math>) framework, using data available at the beginning of 2025. The known oscillation parameters include three mixing angles <c:math xmlns:c="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><c:mo stretchy="false">(</c:mo><c:msub><c:mi>θ</c:mi><c:mn>12</c:mn></c:msub><c:mo>,</c:mo><c:msub><c:mi>θ</c:mi><c:mn>23</c:mn></c:msub><c:mo>,</c:mo><c:msub><c:mi>θ</c:mi><c:mn>13</c:mn></c:msub><c:mo stretchy="false">)</c:mo></c:math> and two squared mass gaps, chosen as <g:math xmlns:g="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><g:mrow><g:mi>δ</g:mi><g:msup><g:mrow><g:mi>m</g:mi></g:mrow><g:mrow><g:mn>2</g:mn></g:mrow></g:msup><g:mo>=</g:mo><g:msubsup><g:mrow><g:mi>m</g:mi></g:mrow><g:mrow><g:mn>2</g:mn></g:mrow><g:mrow><g:mn>2</g:mn></g:mrow></g:msubsup><g:mo>−</g:mo><g:msubsup><g:mrow><g:mi>m</g:mi></g:mrow><g:mrow><g:mn>1</g:mn></g:mrow><g:mrow><g:mn>2</g:mn></g:mrow></g:msubsup><g:mo>&gt;</g:mo><g:mn>0</g:mn></g:mrow></g:math> and <i:math xmlns:i="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><i:mrow><i:mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</i:mi><i:msup><i:mrow><i:mi>m</i:mi></i:mrow><i:mrow><i:mn>2</i:mn></i:mrow></i:msup><i:mo>=</i:mo><i:msubsup><i:mrow><i:mi>m</i:mi></i:mrow><i:mrow><i:mn>3</i:mn></i:mrow><i:mrow><i:mn>2</i:mn></i:mrow></i:msubsup><i:mo>−</i:mo><i:mfrac><i:mrow><i:mn>1</i:mn></i:mrow><i:mrow><i:mn>2</i:mn></i:mrow></i:mfrac><i:mo stretchy="false">(</i:mo><i:msubsup><i:mrow><i:mi>m</i:mi></i:mrow><i:mrow><i:mn>1</i:mn></i:mrow><i:mrow><i:mn>2</i:mn></i:mrow></i:msubsup><i:mo>+</i:mo><i:msubsup><i:mrow><i:mi>m</i:mi></i:mrow><i:mrow><i:mn>2</i:mn></i:mrow><i:mrow><i:mn>2</i:mn></i:mrow></i:msubsup><i:mo stretchy="false">)</i:mo></i:mrow></i:math>, where the discrete parameter <n:math xmlns:n="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><n:mrow><n:mi>α</n:mi><n:mo>=</n:mo><n:mrow><n:mi>sign</n:mi></n:mrow><n:mo stretchy="false">(</n:mo><n:mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</n:mi><n:msup><n:mrow><n:mi>m</n:mi></n:mrow><n:mrow><n:mn>2</n:mn></n:mrow></n:msup><n:mo stretchy="false">)</n:mo></n:mrow></n:math> distinguishes normal ordering (NO, <s:math xmlns:s="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><s:mi>α</s:mi><s:mo>=</s:mo><s:mo>+</s:mo><s:mn>1</s:mn></s:math>) from inverted ordering (IO, <u:math xmlns:u="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><u:mi>α</u:mi><u:mo>=</u:mo><u:mo>−</u:mo><u:mn>1</u:mn></u:math>). With respect to our previous 2021 update, the combination of accelerator, reactor, and atmospheric neutrino data leads to appreciably reduced uncertainties for <w:math xmlns:w="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><w:msub><w:mi>θ</w:mi><w:mn>23</w:mn></w:msub></w:math>, <y:math xmlns:y="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><y:msub><y:mi>θ</y:mi><y:mn>13</y:mn></y:msub></y:math>, and <ab:math xmlns:ab="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><ab:mo stretchy="false">|</ab:mo><ab:mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</ab:mi><ab:msup><ab:mi>m</ab:mi><ab:mn>2</ab:mn></ab:msup><ab:mo stretchy="false">|</ab:mo></ab:math>. In particular, <fb:math xmlns:fb="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><fb:mo stretchy="false">|</fb:mo><fb:mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</fb:mi><fb:msup><fb:mi>m</fb:mi><fb:mn>2</fb:mn></fb:msup><fb:mo stretchy="false">|</fb:mo></fb:math> is the first <kb:math xmlns:kb="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><kb:mn>3</kb:mn><kb:mi>ν</kb:mi></kb:math> parameter to enter the domain of subpercent precision (0.8% at <mb:math xmlns:mb="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mb:mn>1</mb:mn><mb:mi>σ</mb:mi></mb:math>). We underline some issues about common systematics in combined fits that might affect (and possibly weaken) this error estimate. Concerning oscillation unknowns, we find a relatively weak preference for NO versus IO (at <ob:math xmlns:ob="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><ob:mn>2.2</ob:mn><ob:mi>σ</ob:mi></ob:math>), for <qb:math xmlns:qb="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><qb:mi>C</qb:mi><qb:mi>P</qb:mi></qb:math> violation versus conservation in NO (<sb:math xmlns:sb="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><sb:mrow><sb:mn>1.3</sb:mn><sb:mi>σ</sb:mi></sb:mrow></sb:math>), and for the first <ub:math xmlns:ub="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><ub:msub><ub:mi>θ</ub:mi><ub:mn>23</ub:mn></ub:msub></ub:math> octant versus the second in NO (<wb:math xmlns:wb="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><wb:mn>1.1</wb:mn><wb:mi>σ</wb:mi></wb:math>). We discuss the current status and qualitative prospects of the mass ordering hint in the plane charted by the mass parameters <yb:math xmlns:yb="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><yb:mrow><yb:mo stretchy="false">(</yb:mo><yb:mi>δ</yb:mi><yb:msup><yb:mrow><yb:mi>m</yb:mi></yb:mrow><yb:mrow><yb:mn>2</yb:mn></yb:mrow></yb:msup><yb:mo>,</yb:mo><yb:mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</yb:mi><yb:msubsup><yb:mrow><yb:mi>m</yb:mi></yb:mrow><yb:mrow><yb:mi>e</yb:mi><yb:mi>e</yb:mi></yb:mrow><yb:mrow><yb:mn>2</yb:mn></yb:mrow></yb:msubsup><yb:mo stretchy="false">)</yb:mo></yb:mrow></yb:math>, where <dc:math xmlns:dc="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><dc:mrow><dc:mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</dc:mi><dc:msubsup><dc:mrow><dc:mi>m</dc:mi></dc:mrow><dc:mrow><dc:mi>e</dc:mi><dc:mi>e</dc:mi></dc:mrow><dc:mrow><dc:mn>2</dc:mn></dc:mrow></dc:msubsup><dc:mo>=</dc:mo><dc:mo stretchy="false">|</dc:mo><dc:mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</dc:mi><dc:msup><dc:mrow><dc:mi>m</dc:mi></dc:mrow><dc:mrow><dc:mn>2</dc:mn></dc:mrow></dc:msup><dc:mo stretchy="false">|</dc:mo><dc:mo>+</dc:mo><dc:mfrac><dc:mrow><dc:mn>1</dc:mn></dc:mrow><dc:mrow><dc:mn>2</dc:mn></dc:mrow></dc:mfrac><dc:mi>α</dc:mi><dc:mo stretchy="false">(</dc:mo><dc:msup><dc:mrow><dc:mi>cos</dc:mi></dc:mrow><dc:mrow><dc:mn>2</dc:mn></dc:mrow></dc:msup><dc:msub><dc:mrow><dc:mi>θ</dc:mi></dc:mrow><dc:mrow><dc:mn>12</dc:mn></dc:mrow></dc:msub><dc:mo>−</dc:mo><dc:msup><dc:mrow><dc:mi>sin</dc:mi></dc:mrow><dc:mrow><dc:mn>2</dc:mn></dc:mrow></dc:msup><dc:msub><dc:mrow><dc:mi>θ</dc:mi></dc:mrow><dc:mrow><dc:mn>12</dc:mn></dc:mrow></dc:msub><dc:mo stretchy="false">)</dc:mo><dc:mi>δ</dc:mi><dc:msup><dc:mrow><dc:mi>m</dc:mi></dc:mrow><dc:mrow><dc:mn>2</dc:mn></dc:mrow></dc:msup></dc:mrow></dc:math>, to be jointly measured by the JUNO experiment with subpercent precision. We also discuss upper bounds on nonoscillation observables, including the effective <lc:math xmlns:lc="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><lc:msub><lc:mi>ν</lc:mi><lc:mi>e</lc:mi></lc:msub></lc:math> mass <nc:math xmlns:nc="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><nc:msub><nc:mi>m</nc:mi><nc:mi>β</nc:mi></nc:msub></nc:math> in <pc:math xmlns:pc="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><pc:mi>β</pc:mi></pc:math> decay, the effective Majorana mass <rc:math xmlns:rc="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><rc:msub><rc:mi>m</rc:mi><rc:mrow><rc:mi>β</rc:mi><rc:mi>β</rc:mi></rc:mrow></rc:msub></rc:math> in <tc:math xmlns:tc="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><tc:mn>0</tc:mn><tc:mi>ν</tc:mi><tc:mi>β</tc:mi><tc:mi>β</tc:mi></tc:math> decay, and the sum of neutrino masses <vc:math xmlns:vc="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><vc:mi mathvariant="normal">Σ</vc:mi></vc:math> in cosmology. We adopt <yc:math xmlns:yc="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><yc:msub><yc:mi>m</yc:mi><yc:mi>β</yc:mi></yc:msub><yc:mo>&lt;</yc:mo><yc:mn>0.50</yc:mn><yc:mtext> </yc:mtext><yc:mtext> </yc:mtext><yc:mi>eV</yc:mi></yc:math> <ad:math xmlns:ad="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><ad:mo stretchy="false">(</ad:mo><ad:mn>2</ad:mn><ad:mi>σ</ad:mi><ad:mo stretchy="false">)</ad:mo></ad:math> from current <ed:math xmlns:ed="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><ed:mrow><ed:mmultiscripts><ed:mrow><ed:mi mathvariant="normal">H</ed:mi></ed:mrow><ed:mprescripts/><ed:none/><ed:mrow><ed:mn>3</ed:mn></ed:mrow></ed:mmultiscripts></ed:mrow></ed:math> data and report <hd:math xmlns:hd="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><hd:msub><hd:mi>m</hd:mi><hd:mrow><hd:mi>β</hd:mi><hd:mi>β</hd:mi></hd:mrow></hd:msub><hd:mo>&lt;</hd:mo><hd:mn>0.086</hd:mn><hd:mtext> </hd:mtext><hd:mtext> </hd:mtext><hd:mi>eV</hd:mi></hd:math> (<jd:math xmlns:jd="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><jd:mn>2</jd:mn><jd:mi>σ</jd:mi></jd:math>) from a combined <ld:math xmlns:ld="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><ld:mrow><ld:mmultiscripts><ld:mrow><ld:mi>Ge</ld:mi></ld:mrow><ld:mprescripts/><ld:none/><ld:mrow><ld:mn>76</ld:mn></ld:mrow></ld:mmultiscripts></ld:mrow></ld:math>, <nd:math xmlns:nd="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><nd:mrow><nd:mmultiscripts><nd:mrow><nd:mi>Te</nd:mi></nd:mrow><nd:mprescripts/><nd:none/><nd:mrow><nd:mn>130</nd:mn></nd:mrow></nd:mmultiscripts></nd:mrow></nd:math>, and <pd:math xmlns:pd="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><pd:mrow><pd:mmultiscripts><pd:mrow><pd:mi>Xe</pd:mi></pd:mrow><pd:mprescripts/><pd:none/><pd:mrow><pd:mn>136</pd:mn></pd:mrow></pd:mmultiscripts></pd:mrow></pd:math> data analysis, accounting for parametrized nuclear matrix element covariances. Concerning <rd:math xmlns:rd="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><rd:mi mathvariant="normal">Σ</rd:mi></rd:math>, current results show tensions within the standard <ud:math xmlns:ud="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><ud:mi mathvariant="normal">Λ</ud:mi></ud:math> cold dark matter (<xd:math xmlns:xd="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><xd:mi mathvariant="normal">Λ</xd:mi><xd:mi>CDM</xd:mi></xd:math>) cosmological model, pulling <

Physical review. D/Physical review. D.Vol. 111(9)
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (IT), University of L'Aquila (IT), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (IT), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari (IT), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma I (IT), Sapienza University of Rome (IT), University of Sheffield (GB)
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Padova, European Commission, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Ministero dell'Università e della Ricerca, Science and Technology Facilities Council
Openalex Percentile: Top 0%
Neutrino Physics Research
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