Optimizing the extraction of berberine from the stem of Tinospora sinensis (Lour.) Merr by response surface methodology

Tinospora sinensis (T.sinensis), whose Tibetan name is "Lezhe", as a traditional medicine, is widely distributed in Vietnamese.It is used to treat rheumatic arthralgia, sciatica, lumbar muscle strain and diabetes.Several studies have identified berberine as a major alkaloid present in T. sinensis, with extensive clinical and experimental evidence highlighting its diverse pharmacological properties, including immunomodulatory, antioxidative, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, and hypoglycemic activities.The results showed that the optimal conditions for the optimum extraction conditions were the solid/solvent ratio of 1:20 (g/mL) ethanol concentration of 75.21%, extraction time of 23.91 hour and, percolation, the extraction efficiency of berberine was 28.17 0,64 mg/g.These results confirmed the presence of berberine in T. sinensis and established an optimized method for its extraction from the stem.